Surrealism is one of the most influential artistic and literary movements of the 20th century. Rooted in the exploration of the subconscious, dreams, and irrational imagination, it sought to merge psychology with artistic practice and break free from the limits of logic and reason. Surrealist artworks often depict illogical, dreamlike scenes, blending reality with fantasy in a way that is both captivating and enigmatic.
In practice, Surrealism embraced methods such as automatic writing, chance creation, and free association. Artists used these techniques to reveal hidden layers of the psyche beyond rational thought. This made Surrealism not just a visual art style, but also a broader philosophical stance and way of life.
The essence of Surrealism lies in releasing the subconscious and creating new forms of expression beyond rationality.
When did Surrealism begin
The Surrealist movement began in the early 1920s. In 1924, French poet André Breton published the Manifesto of Surrealism, which officially established the movement. The manifesto drew heavily on the theories of Sigmund Freud, particularly his work on the subconscious and dreams. It encouraged artists and writers to free themselves from traditional logic and social conventions in order to unlock their innermost impulses.
The movement’s epicenter was in Paris, but it quickly spread across Europe and the Americas. Surrealism influenced not only painting but also literature, film, photography, and theater. By the 1930s, with major Surrealist exhibitions held in Paris, London, and New York, the movement had become a global cultural force.
Surrealism began in Paris in 1924 and quickly developed into an international artistic and intellectual phenomenon.
Who started Surrealism
The founder of Surrealism was André Breton, a poet, writer, and theorist often called the “father of Surrealism.” Under his leadership, the movement gathered a diverse group of artists and thinkers, including Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, and Joan Miró. Each contributed a distinct visual language that merged dreamlike imagery with symbolic meaning.
Surrealism’s reach extended beyond painting. Writers such as Louis Aragon and filmmakers like Luis Buñuel also played key roles. Buñuel’s collaboration with Dalí, the groundbreaking film Un Chien Andalou (1929), remains a landmark in Surrealist cinema.
Surrealism was initiated by André Breton and shaped by a wide circle of artists and intellectuals who collectively defined the movement.
Surrealism Art Paintings
Surrealist art paintings are renowned for their imaginative power and visual impact. These works often feature floating objects, distorted figures, uncanny spaces, and dreamlike imagery that defy the laws of reality.
Famous examples include:
By blending the real with the imaginary, these works not only transformed visual art but also influenced modern thought, psychology, and culture.
Surrealist paintings visualized dreams and the subconscious, making them one of the most powerful artistic expressions of the 20th century.
About Artphiloso
Hi, I’m Philo, a Chinese artist passionate about blending traditional Asian art with contemporary expressions. Through Artphiloso, my artist website, I share my journey and creations—from figurative painting and figure painting to floral oil painting and painting on landscape. You'll also find ideas for home decorating with paint and more.
FAQs
What is Surrealism?
Surrealism is a 20th-century artistic and literary movement that emphasizes the subconscious, dreams, and irrational imagination.
When did Surrealism begin?
In 1924, André Breton published the Manifesto of Surrealism, marking the official birth of the movement.
Who started Surrealism?
André Breton founded the movement and is often regarded as the “father of Surrealism.”
Who are some famous Surrealist artists?
Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, Max Ernst, and Joan Miró are among the most renowned figures.
What are some representative Surrealist paintings?
Dalí’s The Persistence of Memory, Magritte’s The Treachery of Images, and Ernst’s Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale are considered iconic works.